Mountains of the Moon. List of lunar mountains. Description and location.

                                                  Montes Apenninus through my telescope.
The mountains of the Moon are mostly the result of impacts. This is especially evident if we look at the peaks that rises from the center of many craters.
Mountain chains are often the edges of gigantic basins, basins, which  after the impacts were responsible for of their formation.
Isolated peaks are part of the old basins, similar to lost islands on a cold sea of stone.
Lunar mountains are most easily found and identified when their shadows are longer, such as when the sun shines at a low angle.
If one night you see through a telescope a peak of a mountain on the Moon, the second night you will see big changes in it's appearance.

Shadows of the mountains, crater walls and central peaks and other features are also part of the beauty of the Moon as seen through the eyepiece.

Mountains of the Moon are of two categories: isolated mountains (Mons) and massives (Montes).

 I begin to enumerate isolated mountains (Mons) on the Moon in alphabetical order:

Mons Agnes, 1 km diameter, named after a Greek female
Mons Ampère, 30 km diameter, 3.0 km high, after André-Marie Ampère, physicist
Mons André, 10 km diameter, male French name
Mons Ardeshir, 8 km in diameter, after the Persian king Ardashir (Iran)
Mons Argaeus, 50 km diameter, after Mount Erciyes, Asia Minor
Mons Blanc, 25 km diameter, 3.6 km height, after Mont Blanc in the Alps
Mons Bradley, 30 km diameter, 4.2 km height, by James Bradley, an astronomer
Mons Delisle, 30 km diameter, after nearby crater Delisle
Mons Dieter, 20 km diameter, German male name
Mons Dilip, 2 km diameter, Indian male name
Mons Esam, 8 km, diameter, Arabic male name
Mons Ganau, 14 km diameter, African male name
Mons Delta Gruithuisen, 20 km diameter, after nearby crater Gruithuisen
Mons Gamma Gruithuisen, 20 km diameter, after nearby crater Gruithuisen
Mons Hadley, 25 km diameter, 4.6 km height, after John Hadley, inventor
Mons Hadley Delta, 15 km diameter, 3.5 km height, after nearby Mount Hadley
Mons Hansteen, 30 km diameter, after nearby crater Hansteen
Mons Herodotus, 5 km diameter after nearby crater Herodotus
Mons Huygens, 40 km diameter 4.7 km height, after Christian Huygens, astronomer
Mons La Hire, 25 km diameter, 1.5 km height, after Philippe De La Hire, astronomer
Mons Maraldi, 15 km diameter 1.3 km height, after nearby crater Maraldi
Mons Moro, 10 km diameter, after Antonio Lazzaro Moro, scientist
Mons Penck, 30 km diameter, 4. km height, after Albrecht Penck, geographer
Mons Pico, 25 km diameter, 2 km height, in Spanish "peak"
Mons Piton, 25 km diameter, 2.3 km high after Mount Piton, Tenerife
Mons Rümker, 70 km diameter, 0.5 km height, after Karl Christian Ludwig Rümker, astronomer
Mons Usov, 15 km diameter, after Michael A. Usov, geologist
Mons Vinogradov, 25 km diameter 1.4 km height, after Aleksandr Pavlovich Vinogradov, chemist
Mons Vitruvius, 15 km, diameter, 2.3 km height, after nearby crater Vitruvius
Mons Wolff , 35 km diameter, 3.5 km height, after Baron Christian von Wolff, philosopher

I enumerate below massifs of the Moon in alphabetical order:

Montes Agricola 141 km, Named after Agricola Georgius scientist
Montes Alpes 281 km, Alps, Europe
Montes Apenninus, 401 km, Apennines mountains, Italy
Montes Archimedes , 163 km ,named after nearby Archimedes crater
Montes Carpatus 361 km, Carpathian Mountains, Europe
Montes Caucasus, 445 km, from the Caucasus Mountains, Europe
Montes Cordillera 574 km, in Spanish, "mountain chain"
Montes Haemus , 560 km, Greek name for the Balkans Mountains
Montes Harbinger 90 km, crater Aristarchus messengers
Montes Jura 422 km, Jura Mountains  Europe
Montes Pyrenaeus, 164 km, Pyrenees Mountains, Europe
Montes Recti, 90 km, Latin name for "straight portion"
Montes Riphaeus 189 km, Greek name for the Ural Mountains, Russia
Montes Taurus, 172 km, after Taurus Mountains, Asia Minor
Montes Tura 791 km, Named after Lawrence, an astronomer
Montes Secchi, 50 km, Named after nearby Secchi crater
Montes Spitzbergen, 60 km in German, "sharp peaks" and the Spitsbergen islands likeness
Montes Teneriffe, named after the island of Tenerife

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Lunar Images Montes Alpes-Euxodus and Aristoteles

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 at 5-7x optical zoom
Total magnification: 500-700x
Filter: No
Date: 12/05/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania Processing: Sony Vegas 10 video captures
In these captures you can see Vallis Alpes-Alpine Valley (in the first 3 pictures), which is like a sword that cuts in two Montes Alpes- or Alps Mountains. In these photos taken at 700x, and decreasing gradually in magnification, there are two craters called Aristoteles and Euxodus.
Aristotle has an area of 87 km, meaning land away from Baia Mare to Dej.

The image below is a video capture made ​​on July 20, 2011.

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Montes Carpatus and Gay Lussac lunar crater

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 13/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video captures

         Montes Carpatus  are mountains that forms the southern edge of Mare Imbrium on the Moon. It has a total diameter of 361 km (224 miles). Carpatus mountains were named after the Carpathian mountains, located in Central Europe.
These mountains stretch from the western end begining near the crater T. Mayer (33 km), and on the east is a large area in wich Mare Imbrium, in the north, is joining with Mare Insularum on south. In continuation of this gap are Montes Apenninus, wich are other mountains that curves up toward the northeast.
Montes Carpatus has some series of peaks and ridges separated by valleys which were penetrated by lava flows. None of the peaks have received individual names, except one, Mons Vinogradov.
About 100 kilometers south away from the mountains is the Copernicus crater, and the irregular outer ramparts of this crater lie almost at the southern foot of Montes Carpatus. Also there is a smaller crater Gay-Lussac, which is attached to the southern mountains.

          Gay-Lussac (26 km and 800 m depth) is a lunar crater north of the crater Copernicus, and at the foot of the Carpathian mountains .The edge of the crater is slightly distorted, but generally circular. The interior floor is flat with no central peaks. There are a couple of depressions with small craters in the middle instead of a peak.Gay-Lussac A crater (15 km), is almost connected with the southeast edge of the crater Gay-Lussac.

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Montes Apenninus-the monkey tail

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 11/05/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video captures
These images are some of my clearest pictures of Apenninus mountains on the Moon I managed to achieve until now.Apenninus mountains ends with Eratosthenes crater, the one from the "monkey tail" as I call it .

The monkey tail are Apenninus Mountains and the ending crooked of the tail, is the crater
Eratosthenes.
Videos of these captures have posted here. In the first of  the three videos Apenninus are visible on a larger area.

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Menelaus crater and Montes Haemus

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 10/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: 10 Sony Vegas, video captures

         Menelaus (27 km), is a young crater situated on the southern shore of Mare Serenitatis near the eastern end of the Montes Haemus mountains. In the southeast is Auwers (20 km),and at south-west is Daubrée (14 km). North-East is a weak furrows called Rima Menelaus.
Menelaus's walls have a slightly irregular shape with a sharp edge and terraced walls on the interior.It  is 3 km deep. The interior has a high albedo, which is prominent. There are multiple peaks on the floor. Crater has a moderate ray system most prominent to the northeast, on Mare Serenitatis. The crater was named after the king of Sparta from Illiad, Menelaus of Alexandria.

         Montes Haemus (560 km), is a curved range of mountains forming the southwestern edge of Mare Serenitatis basin. They joins with Montes Apenninus at the northern end. Eastern edge ends with Archerusla Promontorium, north-west of the crater Plinius (43 km).
More small "lakes", consisting of basaltic lava, lies along the south-west slopes of the mountains. From north-west to south-east they are: Lacus Odii , Lacus Doloris, Lacus Gaudii and Lacus Hiemalis. Lacus Lenitatis  is further on south.

         Bessel (16 km) is a small lunar crater that is located in the southern half of Mare Serenitatis. Despite its small size, this is the largest crater on this plateau. It lies north-northeast of the crater Menelaus (27 km). This crater is circular and bowl-shaped with an edge that has a higher albedo than the surrounding floor or the sea. The exterior is not affected, and there are no features inside. Bessel was named after Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (22 July 1784-17 Mar 1846) who was a German astronomer and mathematician.

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Cassini Montes Alpes and Caucasus

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In the photos above, Vallis Alpes ,the crack in the center photo, similar to a canyon.

The first pictures above are the Montes Alpes (the Alps) with Vallis Alpes, then in the next pictures are Cassini crater and Aristillus with Autolycus.

Montes Caucasus (Caucasus Mountains), among whom is Calippus crater, and Theaetetus which is in the west of these mountains.

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian reflector telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony HDR CX105
Filter: No
Date: 12/03/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video capture

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Montes Caucasus and Theaetetus and Calippus craters

In the photos above are Montes Apenninus east side. These mountains have not escaped the impacts with other bodies from space.Between the peaks can be observed some craters.

Photographer: Victor Lupu

Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 10/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: 10 Sony Vegas, video captures
         Montes Caucasus (Caucasus Mountains) (445 km), is a rugged mountain range located in the north-east of the Moon. It starts with a lack of surface level, in wich Mare Imbrium joins the west with Mare Serenitatis at east and extending as an irregular band to the west of the prominent crater Eudoxus. South of Montes Montes Caucasus are Montes Apenninus. The highest peaks of these mountains reach heights of 6 km, providing undoubtedly a wonderful panorama of the surrounding. Montes Caucasus were named by the German selenographer Johann H. Mädler after Earth's Caucasus mountains.

         Calippus (32 km), is a small lunar crater that is located on the eastern edge of Montes Caucasus, on the north region of the Moon. It is located southwest of the remnant crater Alexander, and north-west of Mare Serenitatis.Calippus has a depth of 2.7 km and has an irregular outer rim  with the outside edges toward the northeast and in particular west where there is an interior floor.

Theaetetus (25 km), is a Moon impact crater, located southeast of the crater Cassini and near the eastern edge of Mare Imbrium. It is also located west of the Montes Caucasus. In the southwest is the prominent crater Aristillus. Theaetetus has a depth of 2.8 km. The rim is polygonal shaped. There is a ripple outside and a slight increase in hight on the floor. The interior is relatively with no features.The name is given from Theaetetus, Theaitētos (about 417 BC - 369 BC) of Athens, son of Euphronius, which was a classic greek mathematician.

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