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List of south features of the Moon-Southern lunar Hemisphere

Southern hemisphere of the Moon is in rough terrain, heavily cratered and with mountainous areas.
At the poles, the sun is always at small angles, so this is creating a unique environment, but also some difficulties in interpreting the geological region.
The southern hemisphere of the Moon craters are very different in size, appearance and how they were formed by impacts in the past.
Personally, the most interesting craters on south, I find Tycho, a crater with rays showing a very high albedo, rays that are left behind from the initial impact, wich can be seen from Earth with the naked eye or binoculars.
Another great crater is Clavius​​, a large crater with other small craters lying inside it in a decreasing order to form a spiral.
Shiller is another crater, interesting to me because of its elongated shape similar to a caterpillar.
 On the southern hemisphere of the Moon seen from Earth, there is only a sea, Mare Nubium that penetrate down to the crater Pitatus.

There are not mountains on the Moon's southern hemisphere. Maybe were probably destroyed by countless impacts were.

Most notable craters of the Moon southern hemisphere, in alphabetical order, are:

Aliacensis
Apianus
Asclepi
Baco
Ball
Barocius
Biela
Blanchinus
Boguslawsky
Bosching
Boussingault
Brown
Buch
Casatus
Cichus
Clairaut
Clavius
Curtius
Cuvier
Cysatus
Deluc
Demonax
Deslandres
Fabricius
Faraday
Fernelius
Frisius
Gauricus
Gemma
Gruemberger
Hagecius
Heinsius
Hell
Helmholtz
Heraclitus
Hommel
Jacobi
Janssen
Kaiser
Kinau
Klaproth
Lexell
Licetus
Lilius
Longomontanus
Maginus
Manzinus
Maurolycus
Metius
Miller
Montanari
Moretus
Mutus
Neander
Nearch
Neumayer
Newton
Nonius
Orontius
Pentland
Picret
Pitatus
Pitiscus
Playfair
Poisson
Pontanus
Pontecoulant
Proctor
Rabbi Levi
Rheita
Riccius
Rosenberger
Sasserides
Saussure
Sempilius
Short
Scheiner
Schiller
Schomberger
Scott
Steinheil
Stofler
Tannerus
Tycho
Vlaq
Watt
Weiss
Werner
Wilhelm
Wurzelbauer
Zach


Seas:
Mare Nubium

Space missions on the south side of the Moon:
Ranger 9 was launched on March 24, 1965 by United States of America and was intentionally crashed on the lunar surface, on crater Alphonsus.
Ranger 9 was designed to achieve an impact trajectory and to transmit pictures of the lunar surface in high-resolution during the flight until the impact.
  Ranger 9 successfully transmitted 5814 images with a resolution of up to 1.5 m.

LCROSS United States launched the LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) which was deliberately crashed into the Moon's south pole on crater Cabeus on October 9, 2009
The mission was designed to search for water ice on the lunar surface and examining the resulting cloud, caused by impact. The mission ended with the discovery of significant amounts of water.

Moon Impact Probe was launched by India, and it was deliberately crashed on 14 November 2008 at the lunar south pole.
 It had 35 kg, and was released from Chandrayaan-1 Lunar Orbiter. It was equipped with a video camera, a radar altimeter and a mass spectrometer.

Video: Victor Lupu
Optics: CelestronC8 "-Newtonian telescope, plossl20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: SonyCX105 at 7x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 700x
Filter: no
Date: 16/08/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing and editing: Sony Vegas 10

To see the photographic map of the south area of the Moon, view: Photographic map of the Moon: South Zone. Lunar Atlas.

For those who like my astro pictures or my articles, it woul be great if you could pay attention on advertising that appear in the blog by a click and maybe one day I could buy a better telescope.

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Demonax crater. Pictures of Moon through the telescope

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video captures, FastStone Image Viewer

 

Demonax (114 km), is a large crater with a depth of 3.9 km, located near the lunar South Pole, and has a relatively comparable size with the nearby crater Boussingault (131 km), which is partially visible in the images above.
 In the photos in this article, the floor of Demonax crater is not visible because the Moon inclination in 16 August did not allow this. This is also because the Sun was on a small angle.

 

We need to know that the Moon does not have its own fixed axis, but is leaning forward and backward within a month, making craters in some periods to not always be seen the same.This phenomenon is called wobble.

 

 For example, these craters are on the south of the Moon, and we can not see the floor of Demonax (as in the old photo below of 10 February), this means that the northern Moon craters are more visible, even more craters on Moon's North terminal. This means that in August 16th, the Moon was inclined forward.

 

Other craters of these photos are Boguslawsky and Manzinus.

 

                      Picture of the craters on the Moon's south pole, made on 10 February 2011.

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Pentland Scott and Demonax-Moon craters

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 10/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: 10 Sony Vegas, video captures

In both top and bottom photos are craters Boguslawsky, Manzinus and Mutus, in the first photo are Pentland (56 km), Sempilius A, Scott (108 km) and Demonax (114 km) ,Schomberger (85 km) and Boussingault (131 km) .

Pentland (56 km), is a Moon impact crater on the south regions, and it appears distorted when viewed from Earth. Sempilius A is neighbor to the south, and Manzinus at east. On the rim of this crater is a depression along the southern edge,on which is attached a small crater on the outside. The inner wall keeps some untouched structures. The interior shows an elongated central increase in the midpoint. The floor is almost with no features, except for some small craters.
Crater name comes from Joseph Barclay Pentland (1797 - 12th July 1873) which was an Irish geographer and natural scientist. Born in Ireland, was educated at Pentland. He also studied in Paris and worked with Georges Cuvier.

Scott (108 km) is a crater near the south pole of the Moon. The northern side of the crater is in continuous darkness, and has not been mapped in detail. Scott is between similar-sized crater Amundsen  in the southeast and Schomberger northwest . In the northeast is Demonax.The placement of Scott and Amundsen crater on the south pole , refers to two antarctic explorers, Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, in their race to be the first people to reach the south pole of the Earth.

Demonax (114 km) is in a difficult location to be watched.Demonax crater lies north of Scott. To the northwest is the crater Boguslawsky.The floor was renewed, leaving it flat. However, there is a group of central peaks near the middle.
The name comes from Demonax (Greek: Δημώναξ, Dēmōnax, 70-170) who was a philosopher born in Cyprus. He moved to Athens, known for his wisdom and talent for resolving disputes.This brought him the admiration of the citizens.

Schomberger (85 km) is located near the southern edge of the Moon. The younger satellite Schomberger A (31 km) is attached to the southern rim and Schomberger C (43 km), much older, just outside western edge. Crater is a relatively well defined, with sharp features and was not significantly affected by impacts. Edge is approximately circular with an inner wall complex marked by increased peaks and several terraces. Interior floor is relatively flat. At the midpoint of the interior is a complex of central peaks.
Boussingault (131 km). The most notable aspect of this crater is the large crater that is entirely within its outer walls, so that it resembles a double-wall formation. Outer edge is affected by other impacts and Boussingault K (29 km), is located in north-western edge. To the northwest there is also a formation of craters superposed: Boussingault E (98 km), B (54 km) and C (24 km).
Crater name comes from Jean-Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné Boussingault (February 2 1802- 11 May, 1887) which was a french chemist who has made a significant contribution to the science of agriculture, oil and metallurgical science.

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