Nearch Jacobi and Boguslawsky-South Moon craters

A

B

C

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 10/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: Sony Vegas 10, video captures

In photo A: craters Hommel, Vlaq, Pitiscus, Rosenberger, Nearch (76 km) and Hagecius (76 km).

         Nearch (76 km) is an impact crater, situated on the south-east region of the Moon, south-east of the crater Hommel. North of Nearch is Vlacq, and north-east lies Rosenberger. Nearch is 76 kilometers in diameter and 2.9 km deep and dates from pre-nectarian era, now 4.55 - 3.92 billion years ago.
The outer edge of the crater has been affected by small craters, which overlap along the eastern edge. The most important of these is Nearch A (43 km) on south-east edge. Small craters are found on the north and west. The rest of the interior walls are relatively intact, and retains its circular shape.


          Hagecius (76 km), this crater forms a triangle with crater Rosenberger on north-west and Nearch on west-north-west. Like other craters, Hagecius was undergone further erosion of the impacts. South-eastern edge is overlaped by three smaller craters called Hagecius C (24 km), B (34 km) and G (30 km).

In photo C: crater Mutus, Manzinus, Jacobi (68 km), Boguslawsky (97 km), Tannerus (29 km), Kinau (42 km) and Sempilius (70 km).

      Jacobi (68 km), has a margin of several overlapping craters along the southern edge, including Jacobi J (19 km), and a pair on the north side. The result is that the outer edges are flat along the north and south sides. On the north side, Jacobi A, forms a member of a chain of craters, forming a line on the floor inside, from north-east to south-west.

        Boguslawsky (97 km) is located near the southern edge of the Moon. It lies northwest of the crater Demonax, and south-west of Boussingault (131 km). Due to its location Boguslawsky appears elongated.
 Crater floor is flooded and with no many features. The edge is low. Crater Boguslawsky D is on the east side.
The name comes from the Palm (or Palon) Heinrich Ludwig (Pruß) von Boguslawski (7 September 1789-5 Iun 1851) who was a German professor of astronomy.

         Tannerus (29 km). The edge of this crater is almost circular, with only a slight inward bulge along the northern edge where it is joined with Tannerus P (20 km). Edge is clear and well defined, although there are small craters along the border in the west and south. Crater floor is without marks or features.
Crater name is given from Adam Tanner (in Latin, Tannerus) (14 April 1572 - May 25, 1632) which was an Austrian Jesuit professor of mathematics and philosophy.

         Kinau (42 km), is a mile deep. Kinau may date from the pre-nectarian era, 4.55 - 3.85 billion years ago. North-western edge of the crater walls was strongly affected by the impacts, and is overlaid by a pair of small craters, bowl-shaped. The remaining edge is distorted into a hexagonal shape, with the small craters along its rim. The interior walls are relatively low and the interior floor is with almost no characteristics. There is a small rise near the middle of the crater.
The crater is named after 19th century German priest, teacher and amateur astronomer Adolph Gottfried Kinau.

          Sempilius (70 km).  The crater may also date back to pre-nectariana, 4.55 - 3.85 billion years ago.Sempilius was affected by impacts and is relatively circular.The crater is named after Hugh Sempill (or Semple ) (Latin Sempilius) (between 1589 or 1596, and 1654) which was a Scottish Jesuit mathematician and linguist.

To locate craters above, I've described crater names in the picture below, taken on 14/11/2010.

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Pentland Scott and Demonax-Moon craters

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 10/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: 10 Sony Vegas, video captures

In both top and bottom photos are craters Boguslawsky, Manzinus and Mutus, in the first photo are Pentland (56 km), Sempilius A, Scott (108 km) and Demonax (114 km) ,Schomberger (85 km) and Boussingault (131 km) .

Pentland (56 km), is a Moon impact crater on the south regions, and it appears distorted when viewed from Earth. Sempilius A is neighbor to the south, and Manzinus at east. On the rim of this crater is a depression along the southern edge,on which is attached a small crater on the outside. The inner wall keeps some untouched structures. The interior shows an elongated central increase in the midpoint. The floor is almost with no features, except for some small craters.
Crater name comes from Joseph Barclay Pentland (1797 - 12th July 1873) which was an Irish geographer and natural scientist. Born in Ireland, was educated at Pentland. He also studied in Paris and worked with Georges Cuvier.

Scott (108 km) is a crater near the south pole of the Moon. The northern side of the crater is in continuous darkness, and has not been mapped in detail. Scott is between similar-sized crater Amundsen  in the southeast and Schomberger northwest . In the northeast is Demonax.The placement of Scott and Amundsen crater on the south pole , refers to two antarctic explorers, Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, in their race to be the first people to reach the south pole of the Earth.

Demonax (114 km) is in a difficult location to be watched.Demonax crater lies north of Scott. To the northwest is the crater Boguslawsky.The floor was renewed, leaving it flat. However, there is a group of central peaks near the middle.
The name comes from Demonax (Greek: Δημώναξ, Dēmōnax, 70-170) who was a philosopher born in Cyprus. He moved to Athens, known for his wisdom and talent for resolving disputes.This brought him the admiration of the citizens.

Schomberger (85 km) is located near the southern edge of the Moon. The younger satellite Schomberger A (31 km) is attached to the southern rim and Schomberger C (43 km), much older, just outside western edge. Crater is a relatively well defined, with sharp features and was not significantly affected by impacts. Edge is approximately circular with an inner wall complex marked by increased peaks and several terraces. Interior floor is relatively flat. At the midpoint of the interior is a complex of central peaks.
Boussingault (131 km). The most notable aspect of this crater is the large crater that is entirely within its outer walls, so that it resembles a double-wall formation. Outer edge is affected by other impacts and Boussingault K (29 km), is located in north-western edge. To the northwest there is also a formation of craters superposed: Boussingault E (98 km), B (54 km) and C (24 km).
Crater name comes from Jean-Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné Boussingault (February 2 1802- 11 May, 1887) which was a french chemist who has made a significant contribution to the science of agriculture, oil and metallurgical science.

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South Moon craters in shadow-Lilius crater

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105
Filter: No
Date: 10/02/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: 10 Sony Vegas, video captures

        In this article are photos of Moon craters in shadow from the southern region . Most are presented in other articles, such as Jacobi, Kinau, Zach and Curtius, Pentland and Scott, Sempilius, Schomberger, and Scott.

         Lilius crater (61 km) lies north of the crater Zach, and south-west  of Cuvier. South-east is slightly larger Jacobi. The interior is relatively flat with no features, but there is a high peak on central midpoint.
The crater is named after the inventor of the Gregorian calendar, Aloysius Lilius (1510-1576), also known as Lilio Luigi, Luigi Giglio, or Lilio Baldassare, who was an italian doctor, astronomer, philosopher and chronologist.

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Craters on the Moon: Moretus Gruemberger and Cysatus

Note here an area where I had always loved to turn my telescope, namely Southern Moon, where are numerous craters of all shapes. Moretus (114 km) is the most beautiful of them, but I have will not talk about it here. There are plenty of other articles in which is described in details.

As a new observation for me, are the two craters northwest of Moretus, called Gruemberger (94 km) and Cysatus (49 km), because I have never seen it with this look, like at this phase.

Although Gruemberger is eroded, with very worn edges, at this phase looks to be more "ordered" than it actually is.

I'm pretty sure that you guys like what you see in these pictures. I can not take my eyes off that high peaks in sunlight at the edge of the Moon. The heights are not mountains, but the edges of craters which lies between the seen and unseen side of the Moon.

Other craters seen here are Curtius (95 km), Zach (71 km), Pentland (56 km), Sempilius (70 km), and Short (71 km).

Info Moretus.

Coordinates	70.6°S 5.5°WCoordinates: 70.6°S 5.5°W
Diameter	114 km
Depth	5.0 km
Colongitude	7° at sunrise
Eponym	Théodore Moretus

Moon Age: 9.05 days
Phase: 70.5% (0% = New, 100% = Full)
Distance: 399.221 km

Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, 20mm Plossl, 2x barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Camera: Sony CX130
Filter: no
Date: 10/03/2014
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: FastStone Image Viewer

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List of south features of the Moon-Southern lunar Hemisphere

Southern hemisphere of the Moon is in rough terrain, heavily cratered and with mountainous areas.
At the poles, the sun is always at small angles, so this is creating a unique environment, but also some difficulties in interpreting the geological region.
The southern hemisphere of the Moon craters are very different in size, appearance and how they were formed by impacts in the past.
Personally, the most interesting craters on south, I find Tycho, a crater with rays showing a very high albedo, rays that are left behind from the initial impact, wich can be seen from Earth with the naked eye or binoculars.
Another great crater is Clavius​​, a large crater with other small craters lying inside it in a decreasing order to form a spiral.
Shiller is another crater, interesting to me because of its elongated shape similar to a caterpillar.
 On the southern hemisphere of the Moon seen from Earth, there is only a sea, Mare Nubium that penetrate down to the crater Pitatus.

There are not mountains on the Moon's southern hemisphere. Maybe were probably destroyed by countless impacts were.

Most notable craters of the Moon southern hemisphere, in alphabetical order, are:

Aliacensis
Apianus
Asclepi
Baco
Ball
Barocius
Biela
Blanchinus
Boguslawsky
Bosching
Boussingault
Brown
Buch
Casatus
Cichus
Clairaut
Clavius
Curtius
Cuvier
Cysatus
Deluc
Demonax
Deslandres
Fabricius
Faraday
Fernelius
Frisius
Gauricus
Gemma
Gruemberger
Hagecius
Heinsius
Hell
Helmholtz
Heraclitus
Hommel
Jacobi
Janssen
Kaiser
Kinau
Klaproth
Lexell
Licetus
Lilius
Longomontanus
Maginus
Manzinus
Maurolycus
Metius
Miller
Montanari
Moretus
Mutus
Neander
Nearch
Neumayer
Newton
Nonius
Orontius
Pentland
Picret
Pitatus
Pitiscus
Playfair
Poisson
Pontanus
Pontecoulant
Proctor
Rabbi Levi
Rheita
Riccius
Rosenberger
Sasserides
Saussure
Sempilius
Short
Scheiner
Schiller
Schomberger
Scott
Steinheil
Stofler
Tannerus
Tycho
Vlaq
Watt
Weiss
Werner
Wilhelm
Wurzelbauer
Zach


Seas:
Mare Nubium

Space missions on the south side of the Moon:
Ranger 9 was launched on March 24, 1965 by United States of America and was intentionally crashed on the lunar surface, on crater Alphonsus.
Ranger 9 was designed to achieve an impact trajectory and to transmit pictures of the lunar surface in high-resolution during the flight until the impact.
  Ranger 9 successfully transmitted 5814 images with a resolution of up to 1.5 m.

LCROSS United States launched the LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) which was deliberately crashed into the Moon's south pole on crater Cabeus on October 9, 2009
The mission was designed to search for water ice on the lunar surface and examining the resulting cloud, caused by impact. The mission ended with the discovery of significant amounts of water.

Moon Impact Probe was launched by India, and it was deliberately crashed on 14 November 2008 at the lunar south pole.
 It had 35 kg, and was released from Chandrayaan-1 Lunar Orbiter. It was equipped with a video camera, a radar altimeter and a mass spectrometer.

Video: Victor Lupu
Optics: CelestronC8 "-Newtonian telescope, plossl20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: SonyCX105 at 7x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 700x
Filter: no
Date: 16/08/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing and editing: Sony Vegas 10

To see the photographic map of the south area of the Moon, view: Photographic map of the Moon: South Zone. Lunar Atlas.

For those who like my astro pictures or my articles, it woul be great if you could pay attention on advertising that appear in the blog by a click and maybe one day I could buy a better telescope.

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The southern area into darkness. Images by astronomical telescope.

These images show us the Moon's south terminal with numerous craters. Crater floor we can not study any of these images but only their outer and inner edges, because the Moon terminator does not allow it.

Schomberger (85 km) is one of them which caught my attention because it is totally in shadow and looks more orderly. It is more than a half in dark, being close to the terminator but it can be seen its western interior. However this crater we will not ever be able to see its entire floor from Earth being so close to the edge of the moon, but only partly because it is always observed at oblique angles, with an oval shape.

Other craters visible in these images are Sempilius (70 km), Pentland (56 km), Jacobi (68 km) and Kinau (42 km).

Magnitude: -10.82
Phase: 0.46
Distance: 399.283 km
Illuminated: 45.6% (0% = New, 100% = Full)

Astronomical instrument: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope,
Eyepiece: Plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Camera: Sony CX130
Filter: no
Date: 30.01.2012
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: FastStone Image Viewer

In the picture below are labeled craters and other lunar features in the region. To better understand this photo, you should note that the label with the name or the letter of larger craters could be found at their center, and on the small craters, you should find them around them, usually above.

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