List of east features of the Moon. astronomy lecture

East of the Moon is marked by several interesting features. Most notably is Mare Crisium, a "sea" visible from the Earth with the naked eye as an isolated spot by other seas, dark in colour.
 Notable craters on the east side of the Moon are Posidonius, Petavius ​​and Langrenus, which are the largest in size.
 Even if it seems that East of the Moon has not too many huge craters, actually there are many  small craters as we can see in the list below.

Craters of the Moon's eastern area.

Adams
Al Bakri
Ansgarius
Apollonius
Asada
Atwood
Auzout
Balmer
Barkla
Battuta
Beaumont
Behaim
Beketov
Bellot
Berosus
Bessel
Bernoulli
Berzelius
Bilharz
Bohnenberger
Borda
Buckhardt
Cajal
Capella
Carrel
Carmichael
Catharina
Cauchy
Censorinus
Cepheus
Chacornac
Ching-Te
Cleomedes
Clerke
Colombo
Condorcet
Cook
Crozier
Cyrillus
Daniell
Da Vinci
Dawes
Debes
Dubiago
Eimmart
Fabbroni
Fermat
Firmicus
Fracastorius
Franklin
Fredholm
Furnerius
Gardner
Gauss
Geminus
Gilbert
Goclenius
Greaves
Gutenberg
Hase
Hahn
Hall
Holden
Humboldt
Hypatia
Isidorus
Jansen
Kapteyn
Kastner
La Perouse
Lame
Langrenus
Lawrence
Leakey
Legendre
Lick
Lindbergh
Lindenau
Littrow
Lohse
Lucian
Lubbock
Lyell
Maclaurin
Maclear
Macrobius
Magelhaens
Manilius
Manners
Maraldi
Marinus
Maskelyne
McClure
Menelaus
Mercurius
Messier
Messala
Metius
Monge
Monnier
Nansen
Naonobu
Newcomb
Nobili
Plinius
Ross
Palitzsch
Peirce
Petavius
Picard
Piccolomini
Plinius
Proclus
Reichenbach
Rheita
Ritter
Romer
Rothmann
Sabine
Santbech
Secchi
Sinas
Schumacher
Snellius
Stella
Stevinus
Sulpicius Gallus
Swift
Tacitus
Tacquet
Taruntius
Teophrastus
Theophilus
Tisserand
Torricelli
Tralles
Vendelinus
Vitruvius
Webb
Weinek
Wrottesley
Wrottesley
Zagut


Seas of the Moon's eastern area.

Mare Anguis
Mare Crisium
Mare Fecunditatis
Mare Nectaris
Mare Serenitatis
Mare Spumans
Mare Tranquillitatis
Mare Undarum

Mountains of the Moon's eastern area.


Montes Pyrenaeus
Montes Secchi
Montes Taurus
Mons Vitruvius
Mons Argaeus

Other forms of relief in the east area of the Moon.


Sinus Asperitatis
Sinus Amoris
Sinus Concordiae
Sinus Successus
Palus Somni
Lacus Somniorum
Vallis Palitzsch
Rupes Altai



Above: Video of east of the Moon through my telescope.

Space missions on the east side of the Moon.

Apollo 16 (1972) with people on board. Apollo 16 was the tenth mission in the Apollo program with humans. It was launched on 16 April 1972 and ended on 27 April. It was a lunar rover mission and brought back 94.7 kg of lunar soil and rock samples.

Apollo 17 with people on board. EVA activity (EVA). Apollo 17 was the 11th and last  manned mission of the Apollo space program. Launched at 12:33 a.m. on 7 December 1972, with a crew of three members: Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans and Harrison Schmitt. Apollo 17 landing remains the most recent made ​​beyond Earth's orbit.

 Luna 21 (1973) USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), has successfully carried on the lunar surface rover Lunakhod 2 on January 15, 1973. It sent back 86 panoramic images and over 80,000 TV pictures.

Ranger 8 (1965) USA - intentionally crashed. Launched on February 20, 1965. Ranger 8 successfully sent 7137 images with a resolution of up to 1.5 m.

Surveyor 5 (1967) successfully landed. It sent more than 19,000 images to Earth, and has conducted more than 100 hours of compositional analysis of the surface.

To see the photographic map of the east area of the moon, view: Photographic map of the Moon: East Zone. Lunar Atlas.

Read more »

Astro pictures through telescope: Craters Firmicus Apollonius and Mare Spumans. Lunar selenology.

These craters of the Moon are located on the west as seen from the Earth (which is always the same face toward us).

 In the photos below I put the name of each crater or sea, to be easier to locate, and craters with satellite craters named with letters, have their colors.
These astronomical pictures are from the video that can be found here: Video by astronomical telescope-near Western Mare Crisium.

    Firmicus (56 km), is a lunar crater that is located in the eastern part of the Moon, and appears oval due to its position near the edge. It is however almost circular.The crater is located west of the Mare Undarum, and northeast of the crater Apollonius (53 km), similar in size. North of Firmicus are craters van Albada (22 km) and Auzout (33 km). Annexed to the northwest edge, is Lacus Perseverantiae wich is a Moon sea in miniature.

Apollonius (53 km), is a lunar crater located west of the Mare Undarum, north-east of Sinus Successus wich lies on Mare Fecunditatis, and north of Condon crater (35 km).
Apollonius's outer rim is somewhat worn and is superimposed by a pair of small craters (including Apollonius E) on the west wall. The  interior is almost flat, the floor has a low albedo and has been covered by lava. It has no central peak or notble small craters on the floor.
Both craters, Firmicus and Apollonius have a depth of 1.5 km.

Mare Spumans (139 km), from Latin "foaming sea", is visible in these lunar images, and is located south of Mare Undarum. Apollonius W crater is located on the western edge of the sea, and south os the Mare is Maolaurin crater (50 km), and its sateklite craters T (35 km) and H (44 km).

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video capture, FastStone Image Viewer

Read more »

Astronomy lecture.Western Mare Crisium.Pictures by telescope

These captures of western Crisium sea through the telescope, are presented in another article: Video by astronomical telescope-near Western Mare Crisium.
There are many present craters on this large area, and I will only talk about features that were not discussed before.

We start with Burkhardt crater (57 km), which is located between craters Geminus (86 km), on north, and Cleomedes on south.
Burckhardt is located on two slightly smaller-sized craters on the opposite sides, producing a triple crater formation. Burckhardt E (39 km), is covered by the southwest quadrant of Burckhardt's, while Burckhardt F (43 km), is covered by the northwest quadrant. Crater rim is circular, but somewhat irregular in shape. There is a central peak near the midpoint of the crater floor.

Stucked in the western edge of the crater Cleomedes, is Tralles, and to the east of Cleomedes is the crater Delmotte (32 km), a small crater, whose characteristics are difficult to see because of its position.

Continue to the next photo description below, are craters Macrobius and Tisserand, 64 and 37 km, crater ray Proclus (28 km), and west of Proclus is Palus Somni , an area of 143 km,.

In the third picture below, there are many small craters on the surface of the sea, but also on its edge.
Peirce crater (19 km) with Picard (23 km), are those who are most "into the sea" of Crisium.
Picard's interior has a series of terraces, which seismologists have attributed to a collapse of the crater floor. The lowest point of the crater floor is about 2000 meters below its rim, and has a small hill in the center.

Other craters located further to the edge of the sea are Yerkes (36 km), Lick (31 km), Greaves (14 km), and Glaisher crater (16 km).

Yerkes crater (36 km), it seems interesting, because its inside was almost completely flooded by lava, leaving only a shallow remnant edge above the sea, and the edge is the most visible in west. The floor has a similar albedo with the large Crisium sea, so Yerkes's features are not distinct by surroundings.

About craters Firmicus (56 km) and Apollonius (53 km), I will speak in another article dedicated to them.

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video capture, FastStone Image Viewer

Above are images processed in Registax.

Read more »

Cleomedes-craters through the telescope

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video captures, FastStone Image Viewer

        Cleomedes (126 km), is a large lunar crater located on the north-east of the moon, on northern Mare Crisium. Terrain is surrounded by many impact craters. Irregular crater Tralles (43 km), is entering in the northwest edge. To the east is Delmotte (33 km). North of Cleomedes is Burckhardt (57 km).

Outer wall is heavily eroded and worn, especially along the south wall. Cleomedes C (14 km), is located on south-western edge.
Crater floor is almost flat, with a small central peak located north of the midpoint, forming a linear ridge to the northeast. There are several notable small craters on the floor, including a pair of overlapping craters on northwest rim: Cleomedes A, E.

Read more »

Craters near Petavius​-telescope images

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video captures, FastStone Image Viewer

Near the great lunar crater Petavius ​​with diameter of 177 km are smaller ones like Wrottesley (57 km), Hase (83 km), Palitzsch (41 km), and Vallis Palitzsch (110 km), Legendre (79 km), which is in darkness in these photos, and Snellius (83 km). North of Petavius ​​is Mare Fecunditatis.

Wrottesley (57 km), lies on the northwest edge of the crater Petavius, and the southeastern edge of Mare Fecunditatis and has a depth of 2.3 km.
    This crater has a circular shape with a slight inward bulge to the south and a system of terraces that line the interior walls. The interior has almost no features, except for a central peak, which rises in the middle of the crater.
       Hase (83 km), lies southwest of Petavius ​​and Vallis Palitzsch and Palitzsch are attached to the edge of the northeast.
Crater rim was damaged and eroded by a long history of subsequent impacts. The most important satellite crater of Hase is Hase D (56 km), a crater that is located at the southern edge. Hase D is definitely deeper than Hase, because as you see in the picture, you can't see the floor of Hase D. The crater floor is in total darkness.
 
       Palitzsch (41 km), and Vallis Palitzsch (110 km), lies south-east of Petavius. Crater Legendre is located southeast of Palitzsch.
 Northeast end of Palitzsch forms the southern edge of Vallis Palitzsch, a lunar valley following the eastern edge of Petavius , ​​a distance of about 110 km. Crater rim is easily confused with the valley itself.
      Legendre (79 km), is a crater with a depth of 2.7 km. Onli the crater edge can be seen in these pictures. The floor is steeped in darkness, and therefore I will speak only on the edge, which is eroded by other small craters,  on the inside and the outside of it.

       Adams is a 66 km crater in diameter and 2 km deep. It was named in honor of three astronomers John Couch Adams, Walter Sydney Adams and Charles Hitchcock Adams.

Read more »

Macrobius crater west of Mare Crisium. Telescope images

Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video capture, FastStone Image Viewer

         Macrobius crater (64 km), located north-west of Mare Crisium, although not very large in diameter, compared with small craters in the area, it is quickly to spot . It is on south-east edge of Lacus Bonitatis, a small sea. It has a depth of 3.9 km.

Macrobius's outer wall has an interior with multiple terraces. A little satellite crater Macrobius C (10 km), is on the western edge. In the center of the crater is a central mountain complex, and there is a small ridge in the west interior, but the rest of the floor is relatively with no features.

Crater Tisserand (37 km), somewhat smaller, is located on the east of Macrobius. It has a depth of 2.8 km.
The lunar crater Proclus (28 km), you can not miss it if you look through a telescope near Mare Crisium, because of the rays with a very high albedo, which starts from it, though is a small crater.

Read more »

Petavius ​​crater floor-telescope Moon images

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total Magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 08/16/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: video captures, FastStone Image Viewer, Registax

Petavius ​​crater is a complex fractured crater from Imbrian era. One of the rille is easy to see, although some are a challenge to observe. This crack as a "ditch", visible on the floor in pictures, starts from one of the mountain peaks in the center, and continues until the edge of the floor to the southwest. It is a crater that was fisured due to magma was pushed fron the inside.
Petavius ​​has a massive central mountain complex and more rilles well defined.

Read more »

Balmer and Vendelinus craters-telescope images

Photographer: Victor Lupu
Optics: Celestron C8-Newtonian telescope, plossl 20mm, 2x Barlow
Mount: CG5 (EQ5)
Device: Sony CX105 to 8x optical zoom
Total magnification: 800x
Filter: no
Date: 16/07/2011
Location: Baia Mare, Romania
Processing: FastStone, video capture
Read more: http://astrofotografieluna.blogspot.com/2011/11/craterul-balmer-si-vendelinus-imagini.html#ixzz1ejaIP2Ai
In this eastern region of the Moon there are many important large craters, I have not discussed about and I have not photographed.
           Balmer (112 km) is a lunar crater flooded by lava. Only sections of the south, west and east of the crater survived, the rest being covered by a lava flow that joins the nearby sea. Balmer is east-southeast of the crater Vendelinus.
It was named after Johann Jakob Balmer (May 1, 1825 - March 12, 1898), a mathematician and physicist.
           Vendelinus (147 km), is a large and ancient impact crater at the eastern edge of Mare Fecunditatis, and is a 2.6 km deep crater. On the north of Vendelinus is the  prominent Langrenus, while on the southeast is Petavius , forming a chain of prominent craters on the eastern edge of the sea. Due to its location the crater appears oblong because of its position.

Crater is heavily worn and overlapped by several craters, making it more difficult to identify. Irregular rim is broken in several places overlapped by other craters. The most important of these is a break in the wall of the north-east, by superimposing the crater Lamé  (84 km). Lohse (42 km) overlaps on north-west, and at the south end of the crater is joined with Holden (47 km).

Vendelinus's floor is flat and covered with dark lava flow. It lacks of a central peak, but has several impact craters of different sizes.

Read more »